- Interview Questions And Answers Pdf
- Job Interview Questions And Answers
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This ebook contains 100 Python programming related questions that will give you exposure to varied questions asked on python interviews.
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Python is unquestionably one of the most popular programming language of developers. Python has a huge job market for programmers, qa engineers, security professionals and ethical hackers.
You can start with a good python book and learn is quickly. However some of the tricky questions may still need to be answered during interviews.
This Python interview questions and answers PDF ebook will help you with practical interview questions that are asked in big enterprises.
How A Python Interview Is Conducted
Python is a powerful programming language. This makes it difficult to answer a lot of practical questions for beginners and aspiring Python programmers.The interview process of most software companies involve multiple rounds of screening that includes multiple programming interviews. Being prepared for such a exhaustive process is essential for success.
A typical software interview will last minimum of an hour. Therefore you may be asked 10 - 20 programming related questions in each interview.
Why Python Interview Questions and Answers eBook?
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1. Python Interview Questions and Answers
To land a job with Python as a fresher, you must be acquainted with the basics. Here, we discuss some basic Python Interview Questions and answersand some advanced Python Questions and answers to help you ace your interview. There are Python developer interview questions, Python Coding interview questions, data structure interview questions as well as Python Scripting Interview questions. Delve into Python Programming Interview questions one by one.
So, let’s begin our journey towards acing your next Python interview.
“PREPARE like you have never won and PERFORM like you have never lost.”
Q.1. What are the key features of Python?
If it makes for an introductory language to programming, Python must mean something. These are its qualities:
- Interpreted
- Dynamically-typed
- Object-oriented
- Concise and simple
- Free
- Has a large community
Follow this link to explore more features of Python Programming
Q.2. Differentiate between deep and shallow copy.
A deep copy copies an object into another. This means that if you make a change to a copy of an object, it won’t affect the original object. In Python, we use the function deepcopy() for this, and we import the module copy. We use it like:
Deep Copy – Python Interview Questions and AnswersA shallow copy, however, copies one object’s reference to another. So, if we make a change in the copy, it will affect the original object. For this, we have the function copy(). We use it like:
Shallow Copy – Python Interview Questions and AnswersRefer this link to know more about Deep & Shallow Copy in Python
Q.3. Differentiate between lists and tuples.
The major difference is that a list is mutable, but a tuple is immutable. Examples:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “<pyshell#97>”, line 1, in <module>
mytuple[1]=2
TypeError: ‘tuple’ object does not support item assignment
For more insight, refer toTuples vs Lists.
2. Basic Python Interview Questions for Freshers
Q.4 to Q.20 are some basic Python Interview question for freshers, however Experience can also refer these questions to revise basic concepts.
Q.4. Explain the ternary operator in Python.
Unlike C++, we don’t have ?: in Python, but we have this:
[on true] if [expression] else [on false]If the expression is True, the statement under [on true] is executed. Else, that under [on false] is executed.
Below is how you would use it:
2
Hi
Are you familiar with all kinds of Python Operators?
Q.5. How is multithreading achieved in Python?
A thread is a lightweight process, and multithreading allows us to execute multiple threads at once. As you know, Python is a multithreaded language. It has a multi-threading package.
The GIL (Global Interpreter Lock) ensures that a single thread executes at a time. A thread holds the GIL and does a little work before passing it on to the next thread. This makes for an illusion of parallel execution. But in reality, it is just threaded taking turns at the CPU. Of course, all the passing around adds overhead to the execution.
Q.6. Explain inheritance in Python.
When one class inherits from another, it is said to be the child/derived/sub class inheriting from the parent/base/super class. It inherits/gains all members (attributes and methods).
Python Interview Questions – inheritance in Python.Inheritance lets us reuse our code, and also makes it easier to create and maintain applications. Python supports the following kinds of inheritance:
- Single Inheritance- A class inherits from a single base class.
- Multiple Inheritance- A class inherits from multiple base classes.
- Multilevel Inheritance- A class inherits from a base class, which, in turn, inherits from another base class.
- Hierarchical Inheritance- Multiple classes inherit from a single base class.
- Hybrid Inheritance- Hybrid inheritance is a combination of two or more types of inheritance.
For more on inheritance, refer to Python Inheritance.
Q.7. What is Flask?
Python Flask, as we’ve previously discussed, is a web microframework for Python. It is based on the ‘Werkzeug, Jinja 2 and good intentions’ BSD license. Two of its dependencies are Werkzeug and Jinja2. This means it has around no dependencies on external libraries. Due to this, we can call it a light framework.
A session uses a signed cookie to allow the user to look at and modify session contents. It will remember information from one request to another.
However, to modify a session, the user must have the secret key Flask.secret_key.
Q.8. How is memory managed in Python?
Python has a private heap space to hold all objects and data structures. Being programmers, we cannot access it; it is the interpreter that manages it. But with the core API, we can access some tools. The Python memory manager controls the allocation.
Additionally, an inbuilt garbage collector recycles all unused memory so it can make it available to the heap space.
Q.9. Explain help() and dir() functions in Python.
The help() function displays the documentation string and help for its argument.
Help on function copy in module copy:
copy(x)
Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
See the module’s __doc__ string for more info.
The dir() function displays all the members of an object(any kind).
Q.10. Whenever you exit Python, is all memory de-allocated?
The answer here is no. The modules with circular references to other objects, or to objects referenced from global namespaces, aren’t always freed on exiting Python.
Plus, it is impossible to de-allocate portions of memory reserved by the C library.
Q.11. What is monkey patching?
Dynamically modifying a class or module at run-time.
Hi, monkey
Q.12. What is a dictionary in Python?
A python dictionary is something I have never seen in other languages like C++ or Java programming. It holds key-value pairs.
<class ‘dict’>
3
A dictionary is mutable, and we can also use a comprehension to create it.
{25: 5, 16: 4, 9: 3, 4: 2, 1: 1}
Q.13. What do you mean by *args and **kwargs?
In cases when we don’t know how many arguments will be passed to a function, like when we want to pass a list or a tuple of values, we use *args.
3
2
1
4
7
**kwargs takes keyword arguments when we don’t know how many there will be.
a.1
b.2
c.7
The words args and kwargs are a convention, and we can use anything in their place.
Any doubt yet in Basic Python Interview Questions and answers for Freshers? Please ask in Comments.
Q.14. Write Python logic to count the number of capital letters in a file.
26
Q.15. What are negative indices?
Let’s take a list for this.
A negative index, unlike a positive one, begins searching from the right.
6
This also helps with slicing from the back:
Q.16. How would you randomize the contents of a list in-place?
For this, we’ll import the function shuffle() from the module random.
[3, 4, 8, 0, 5, 7, 6, 2, 1]Q.17. Explain join() and split() in Python.
join() lets us join characters from a string together by a character we specify.
‘1,2,3,4,5’
split() lets us split a string around the character we specify.
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’, ‘5’]Q.18. Is Python case-sensitive?
A language is case-sensitive if it distinguishes between identifiers like myname and Myname. In other words, it cares about case- lowercase or uppercase. Let’s try this with Python.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “<pyshell#3>”, line 1, in <module>
Myname
NameError: name ‘Myname’ is not defined
As you can see, this raised a NameError. This means that Python is indeed case-sensitive.
Let’s Discuss Errors and Exceptions in Python Programming
Q.19. How long can an identifier be in Python?
In Python, an identifier can be of any length. Apart from that, there are certain rules we must follow to name one:
- It can only begin with an underscore or a character from A-Z or a-z.
- The rest of it can contain anything from the following: A-Z/a-z/_/0-9.
- Python is case-sensitive, as we discussed in the previous question.
- Keywords cannot be used as identifiers. Python has the following keywords:
| and | def | False | import | not | True |
| as | del | finally | in | or | try |
| assert | elif | for | is | pass | while |
| break | else | from | lambda | with | |
| class | except | global | None | raise | yield |
| continue | exec | if | nonlocal | return |
Q.20. How do you remove the leading whitespace in a string?
Leading whitespace in a string is the whitespace in a string before the first non-whitespace character. To remove it from a string, we use the method lstrip().
‘Ayushi ‘
As you can see, this string had both leading and trailing whitespaces. lstrip() stripped the string of the leading whitespace. If we want to strip the trailing whitespace instead, we use rstrip().
‘ Ayushi’
These were basic Python Interview Questions and answers for Freshers.
3. Advanced Python Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced
Q. 21 to Q. 35 are some Advanced Python Interview questions for Experience along with their answers and Examples.
Q.21. How would you convert a string into lowercase?
We use the lower() method for this.
‘ayushi’
To convert it into uppercase, then, we use upper().
‘AYUSHI’
Also, to check if a string is in all uppercase or all lowercase, we use the methods isupper() and islower().
False
True
True
True
True
So, characters like @ and $ will suffice for both cases.
Also, istitle() will tell us if a string is in title case.
True
Refer this link to explore more Python Strings with functions
Q.22. What is the pass statement in Python?
There may be times in our code when we haven’t decided what to do yet, but we must type something for it to be syntactically correct. In such a case, we use the pass statement.
Similarly, the break statement breaks out of a loop.
1
2
Finally, the continue statement skips to the next iteration.
1
2
4
5
6
Q.23. What is a closure in Python?
A closure is said to occur when a nested function references a value in its enclosing scope. The whole point here is that it remembers the value.
7
For more depth on closures, refer to Closures in Python.
Q.24. Explain the //, %, and ** operators in Python.
The // operator performs floor division. It will return the integer part of the result on division.
3
Normal division would return 3.5 here.
Similarly, ** performs exponentiation. a**b returns the value of a raised to the power b.
1024
Finally, % is for modulus. This gives us the value left after the highest achievable division.
6
0.5
Any Doubt yet in Advanced Python Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced? Please Comment.
Q.24. How many kinds of operators do we have in Python? Explain arithmetic operators.
This type of Python Interview Questions and Answers can decide your knowledge in Python. Answer the Python Interview Questions with some good Examples.
Here in Python, we have 7 kinds of operators: arithmetic, relational, assignment, logical, membership, identity, and bitwise.
We have seven arithmetic operators. These allow us to perform arithmetic operations on values:
- Addition (+) This adds two values.
15
-1
56
0.875
1.0
For floor division, modulus, and exponentiation refer to the previous question.
Q.25. Explain relational operators in Python.
Relational operators compare values.
- Less than (<) If the value on the left is lesser, it returns True.
False
True
This is because of the flawed floating-point arithmetic in Python, due to hardware dependencies.
True
True
True
Interview Questions And Answers Pdf
True
True
Q.26. What are assignment operators in Python?
This one is an Important Interview question in Python Interview.
We can combine all arithmetic operators with the assignment symbol.
8
7
14
7.0
49.0
16.0
0.0
Q.27. Explain logical operators in Python.
We have three logical operators- and, or, not.
False
True
False
Q.28. What are membership, operators?
With the operators ‘in’ and ‘not in’, we can confirm if a value is a member in another.
True
True
Q.29. Explain identity operators in Python.
This is one of the very commonly asked Python Interview Questions and answers it with examples.
The operators ‘is’ and ‘is not’ tell us if two values have the same identity.
False
True
Q.30. Finally, tell us about bitwise operators in Python.
These operate on values bit by bit.
- AND (&) This performs & on each bit pair.
2
3
1
-3
4
Here, 001 was shifted to the left by two places to get 100, which is binary for 4.
1
For more insight on operators, refer to Operators in Python.
Q.31. How would you work with numbers other than those in the decimal number system?
With Python, it is possible to type numbers in binary, octal, and hexadecimal.
- Binary numbers are made of 0 and 1. To type in binary, we use the prefix 0b or 0B.
10
To convert a number into its binary form, we use bin().
‘0b1111’
‘0o10’
‘0x10’
‘0xf’
Q.32. How do you get a list of all the keys in a dictionary?
Be specific in these type of Python Interview Questions and Answers.
For this, we use the function keys().
dict_keys([‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘e’])
Q.33. Why are identifier names with a leading underscore disparaged?
Since Python does not have a concept of private variables, it is a convention to use leading underscores to declare a variable private. This is why we mustn’t do that to variables we do not want to make private.
Q.34. How can you declare multiple assignments in one statement?
There are two ways to do this:
Q.35. What is tuple unpacking?
First, let’s discuss tuple packing. It is a way to pack a set of values into a tuple.
(3, 4, 5)
This packs 3, 4, and 5 into mytuple.
Now, we will unpack the values from the tuple into variables x, y, and z.
12
Follow this link to know about Data Structures in Python – Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
These were the Advanced Python Interview Questions and Answers for Experiences. Freshers may Also Refer the Python Interview Questions for advanced knowledge.
4. Conclusion
These are some of the important Python Interview questions and answers you should take a look at before you appear for an interview. We will be back with more. Till then, feel free to add a question.
Job Interview Questions And Answers
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Free Interview Answers And Questions
- Top 26 Python Programming Interview Questions